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Risk & Guarantees

Plain-language definitions of every Risk & Guarantees term that shows up in government tender work.


Risk & Guarantees

All-Risk Insurance

A broad-form insurance policy that covers loss or damage from any cause not specifically excluded, used in procurement to describe the wide-coverage property and works policies that a contractor must hold during project delivery.

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Risk & GuaranteesCAR

Construction All-Risk (CAR) Insurance

A specialist insurance policy covering physical loss or damage to works under construction, plant, equipment, and third-party liability during the construction period, widely mandated in international civil works tenders.

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Risk & GuaranteesCAR

Construction All-Risk (CAR) Insurance

A broad-form insurance policy covering physical loss or damage to works under construction, plant, and materials on site from any cause not excluded, commonly mandatory under international construction and civil works contracts.

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Risk & Guarantees

Defects Liability Period

The contractual period after practical completion of construction works during which the contractor remains liable to remedy defects in workmanship or materials that appear, at its own cost, before the final completion certificate is issued.

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Risk & GuaranteesECA

Export Credit Agency (ECA)

A government-backed institution that provides loans, guarantees, and insurance to help domestic companies export goods and services, covering commercial and political risks that private lenders will not absorb.

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Risk & Guarantees

Insurance Requirements (Tender)

The mandatory insurance policies a bidder must hold or commit to obtain before contract award, covering risks such as third-party liability, professional indemnity, and construction damage as specified in the tender documents.

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Risk & Guarantees

Insurance Requirements (Tender)

The mandatory insurance policies a bidder must hold or commit to holding before and during contract execution, as specified in bidding documents, covering risks such as physical damage, third-party liability, and professional error.

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Risk & Guarantees

Marine Cargo Insurance

An insurance policy that covers goods and equipment against physical loss or damage while being transported by sea, air, road, or rail, commonly required in international procurement contracts for cross-border equipment supply.

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Risk & Guarantees

MIGA Guarantee

A guarantee issued by the World Bank's Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency that protects foreign investors and lenders in developing countries against losses from political risks such as expropriation, transfer restriction, and war.

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Risk & Guarantees

Performance Security

A financial instrument, typically a bank guarantee or surety bond, that a contractor provides at contract signing to secure its obligation to perform the contract, allowing the employer to draw on it if the contractor defaults.

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Risk & Guarantees

Political Risk Insurance

A financial product that protects investors and contractors against losses caused by government actions such as expropriation, currency transfer restrictions, or civil unrest in a host country.

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Risk & Guarantees

Professional Indemnity Insurance

An insurance policy that covers a professional firm against claims arising from errors, omissions, or negligent advice in the services it provides, commonly required for consultants, engineers, and designers in international procurement.

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Risk & Guarantees

Project Finance

A financing structure in which a standalone project entity raises debt and equity on the strength of the project's future cash flows rather than on the balance sheet of the sponsors, with lenders accepting limited or no recourse to the sponsors.

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Risk & Guarantees

Risk Allocation (Contract)

The contractual distribution of identified project risks between buyer and supplier, specifying which party bears the cost and responsibility when each risk materialises during contract execution.

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Risk & Guarantees

Risk Allocation (Contract)

The contractual process of assigning each identified project risk to the party best placed to manage or absorb it, shaping which obligations, insurances, and liabilities a contractor accepts in a tender.

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Risk & Guarantees

Third-Party Liability Insurance

An insurance policy that covers a contractor or supplier against claims by members of the public or other parties for bodily injury or property damage caused by the contractor's operations during a project.

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Risk & Guarantees

Trade Finance

The set of financial instruments, including letters of credit, guarantees, and supply-chain financing, that enable buyers and sellers to complete cross-border transactions by managing payment timing and counterparty risk.

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Risk & Guarantees

Warranty Period

The period after delivery or completion during which a supplier or contractor guarantees that goods, works, or systems will perform as specified and undertakes to repair or replace defective items at no additional cost to the buyer.

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